This paper proposes a novel multilevel Capacitor switched inverter with the capability of self-voltage balancing and step-up features. In order to obtain a 13-level voltage staircase on the load, thirteen IGBT switches, three Capacitors, and only one DC bus as the input voltage source have been used within the suggested topology. Thanks to not using a back-end H-bridge unit in the proposed topology, the voltage stress across the switches is low, and the total standing voltage (TSV) is restricted to 35Vdc. The achieved voltage gain of the introduced inverter is equal to six which makes it suitable for low boost factor converters such as photovoltaic systems. The proposed topology is comparable with other structures with respect to such features as maximum blocking voltage (MBV), cost function (CF),  and number of devices being used. The most important advantage of the proposed 13-level inverter is that the CF indicator is lower than other traditional configurations. The Capacitors are inherently balanced without any extra complex circuits under the Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (MCPWM) switching technique. To evaluate the suggested topology, multiple simulations as well as experiments have been carried out using MATLAB software and Arduino Due-based ARM cortex-M3 core, respectively, under different modulation indices and resistive-inductive load conditions.

In this article, the authors explain their experience in designing and building a heat Capacitor wall by making use of indissoluble and permanent garbage, e.g. plastic bottles. The result is a more-or-Iess light weight wall made of bottles filled with water. The bottles are sandwiched between two layers of translucent polycarbonate sheets as the external surface, and an opaque fireproof layer? s the internal one. A thick cotton screen with a reflective face is used to prevent heat loss during cold and heat gain during warm seasons. The wall is structurally self-supporting and is very effective as heat and sound isolator.

This paper presents a new switched-Capacitor multilevel converter (SCMC), which is able to produce any levels at output voltage waveform. This topology can increase the value of input dc voltage sources using the switched-Capacitor units. In the proposed SCMC topology, as the numbers of switched-Capacitor unit increase, the voltage gain and the number of generated levels is increased. The main merit of proposed SCMC topology is an inherent voltage balancing of Capacitors. The proposed SCMC structure is compared with traditional multilevel converters. The comparison results verify that the presented SCMC structure needs lower dc voltages sources, switches, and Capacitors. The mathematical analysis of standing voltage on switches and different kinds of power losses are provided. In order to verify the performance of the presented SCMC topology, the experimental results for a typical 13-level converter are provided.

Reconfiguration of distribution network feeders is one of the well-known and effective strategies in the distribution network to obtain a new optimal configuration for the distribution feeders by managing the status of switches in the distribution network. This study formulates the multi-objective problem of reconfiguration of a distribution network in the optimal presence of distributed generation sources and Capacitor units in a multi-objective format. Also, the effect of uncertainty related to electric charge is included in the optimization process of the problem.  The optimization problem of the distribution network reconfiguration is non-linear and non-convex, considering that the effect of distributed and capacitive generation units makes the optimization problem more complicated. For this purpose, an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm is presented to solve this optimization problem. Then, the values ​​of the objective functions are normalized using fuzzy membership functions, and finally, fuzzy logic is used to find the most optimal solution among the Pareto solutions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is tested on a test system of 33 pools, and the results of the optimization are compared with those of other evolutionary algorithms.

Reconfiguration of distribution network feeders is one of the well-known and effective strategies in the distribution network to obtain a new optimal configuration for the distribution feeders by managing the status of switches in the distribution network. This study formulates the multi-objective problem of reconfiguration of a distribution network in the optimal presence of distributed generation sources and Capacitor units in a multi-objective format. Also, the effect of uncertainty related to electric charge is included in the optimization process of the problem.  The optimization problem of the distribution network reconfiguration is non-linear and non-convex, considering that the effect of distributed and capacitive generation units makes the optimization problem more complicated. For this purpose, an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm is presented to solve this optimization problem. Then, the values ​​of the objective functions are normalized using fuzzy membership functions, and finally, fuzzy logic is used to find the most optimal solution among the Pareto solutions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is tested on a test system of 33 pools, and the results of the optimization are compared with those of other evolutionary algorithms.

Background and Objectives: Increasing environmental problems and challenges have led to increased use of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic or PV system. One of the attractive research fields is power electronic converters as interfaces for renewable energy sources. Multilevel inverters can operate as such interfaces. This paper introduces modified topologies of switched-Capacitor multilevel inverters, designed to overcome constraints of low voltage renewable energy sources such as PV. Methods: Configuration of topologies utilize a single DC source with series or parallel connection of Capacitors to produce 7-level, 9-level, and 11-level voltage in the converter load side. The paper presents the converter operation principle, elements voltage stress analysis, and Capacitor sizing calculations. Also, operation analysis of suggested inverter topologies is validated using implemented set up. Results: Comprehensive comparative analysis reveals that the proposed topologies have merits and superior performance compared to existing solutions regarding component number, voltage boost factor, and voltage stress. The experimental measurement results confirm the accuracy of multilevel output voltage waveforms and the self-balancing of Capacitor voltages, as predicted by theoretical analysis.Conclusion: The suggested switched-Capacitor multilevel inverters, moreover the superiority over previously presented topologies, show great potential for application in photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle battery banks.